Mariya Bochkareva and the Petrograd Women’s Death Battalion
“Since our men are hesitating to fight, the women must show them how to die for their country and for liberty.”
Last year, considerable attention was paid in the West to the 100th anniversary of the Russian Revolution, but much to my disappointment almost the entire emphasis in the media here was on the October Revolution. Having just published Caught in the Revolution: Petrograd 1917, I had long since come to appreciate that although October marked the point at which a new communist political order, led by Lenin, came to power, it was the earlier February Revolution that was far more significant in social historical terms.
There are many reasons why I favour a closer study of February in preference to the predicted and cynical Bolshevik takeover in October 1917. A huge amount has been written on the subject of October and I did not want to tread the same path as soon many other historians. No doubt this is because for me, as a feminist, the February revolution in Petrograd tells a far more interesting, but lesser known tale about women’s contribution to events that year.
International Women’s Day, Petrograd, 1917
Mariya Bochkareva, Mrs. Emmeline Pankhurst and women of the Battalion of Death, 1917.
Dorr, Rheta Louise Childe, 1872-1948, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
Training the Women’s Death Battalion
Volonteer “Women 1st Death Unit” of Russian Army of Mariya Bochkareva (Yashka). Petrograd. Summer 1917
See page for author, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons
American Journalists cover the story
Russia’s Joan of Arc
In July 1917 Bochkareva’s women went into action at the front in Belorussia and fought with conspicuous courage, suffering 50 casualties. Among the wounded was Bochkareva herself. Brought back to Petrograd to recuperate, she was hailed as ‘Russia’s Joan of Arc’ by none other than Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst, the British suffragette who arrived in the city in June on a morale-boosting visit to Britain’s Russian wartime ally. Footage and photographs survive of Pankhurst inspecting the women alongside Mariya Bochkareva, whom she greatly admired.
From the beginning the women have been the soul and chief inspiration of the revolutionary movement. In some ways it owes more to them than to the men; the women had usually the higher ideal, the greater readiness for sacrifice, the more dogged and dauntless persistence.
Sadly Mariya Bochkareva, the loyal patriot, who urged women to play their part in the war effort, eventually became a victim of the Bolsheviks. Arrested under a false charge of being an ‘enemy of the working class’, she was shot by the Soviet secret police, the Cheka, in May 1920.